Papa kuhikuhi
● Hoʻolauna
● He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
● No ke aha e pono ai ka ʻae ʻana o FINA?
>> 1. E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono
>> 2. Nā Mea Hana Kūlana
>> 3. Mālama i ka Pono o nā moʻolelo
● Nā Koina Koʻikoʻi no nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA
>> A. Nā Koina Hoʻolālā
>> B. Pono Mea
>> C. Nā Koina kūkulu
● ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻae FINA
>> 1. Waihona
>> 2. Hoao
>> 3. Apono a me ka Lepili
>> 4. Hoolaha
● Nā Pōmaikaʻi o nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA
>> Hoʻonui i ka hana
>> Hoʻokō i nā lula
>> Ka hilinaʻi no ka poʻe haʻuki
● He aha ke ʻano o ka FINA Approval Label?
● ʻO wai nā hōʻailona e hāʻawi aku i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
● I ka manawa hea e koi ʻia ai nā lole ʻauʻau FINA?
● Pehea e ʻike ai inā ʻae ʻia kāu lole ʻauʻau FINA
● Ka hopena o nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA ma ka hana
● He Moʻolelo Pōkole: ʻO ka 2009 Swimsuit Controversy
● Pehea e noi ai no ka ʻae ʻana o FINA ma ke ʻano he mea hana
● Nīnau pinepine
>> 1. He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
>> 2. Pehea wau e ʻike ai inā ʻae ʻia koʻu lole ʻauʻau FINA?
>> 3. Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA ma kekahi hoʻokūkū?
>> 4. He aha ka hopena inā hoʻohana au i ka lole i ʻae ʻole ʻia ma kahi hanana FINA?
>> 5. He mau lula like ʻole no ka wai hāmama a me nā lole ʻauʻau loko?
● Ka hopena
● Kuhikuhi:
Hoʻolauna
I ka honua o ka ʻauʻau hoʻokūkū, helu ʻia kēlā me kēia hapa o ke kekona. Ke ʻimi mau nei nā mea pāʻani, nā kaʻi, a me nā mea hana i nā ala e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hana me ka mālama ʻana i ka pono. ʻO kekahi mea koʻikoʻi i kēia ʻimi ʻana ʻo ia ka lole ʻauʻau. Akā, ʻaʻole e hana ʻia nā lole ʻauʻau ma nā pae kiʻekiʻe loa—ʻo nā mea i kū i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e ka hui hoʻokele honua o ka haʻuki e ʻae ʻia. Lawe kēia iā mākou i kahi nīnau koʻikoʻi: He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA?
ʻIke ʻia kēia ʻatikala holoʻokoʻa i ke ʻano o ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA, nā koina koʻikoʻi e hoʻokō ai, ke kaʻina hana o ka ʻae ʻia, kona hopena i nā hoʻokūkū ʻauʻau, a me nā pane i nā nīnau maʻamau i loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻauʻau. Inā he kanaka ʻauʻau hoʻokūkū ʻoe, he kaʻi, he hōʻailona lole ʻauʻau, a he mea hoihoi wale nō paha, pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA.
He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
ʻO nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA e pili ana i nā lole ʻauʻau, nā pāpale, a me nā maka aniani i hoʻāʻo ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia e FINA (Fédération Internationale de Natation, i kapa ʻia ʻo World Aquatics) e hoʻokō i nā kūlana kūikawā no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū kūhelu. ʻO nā lole ʻauʻau wale nō e kau ana i ka hōʻailona ʻae FINA hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā hanana i ʻae ʻia e FINA, me nā hoʻokūkū honua a me nā Pāʻani 'Olumepika [1][2][3][4].
ʻO ka ʻae ʻana o FINA he hōʻailona o ka legitimacy, e hōʻoia ana ʻaʻole hāʻawi ka lole ʻauʻau i kahi pono ʻenehana kūpono ʻole a hoʻokūkū nā mea pāʻani a pau ma kahi kahua pāʻani pae [2][5][3][4].
No ke aha e pono ai ka ʻae ʻana o FINA?
1. E hōʻoia i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono
Hiki i ka holomua ʻenehana i nā mea lole ʻauʻau a me ka hoʻolālā ke hoʻonui i ka hana ma mua o ka hiki ke kanaka maoli. I ka hopena o 2000s, ka hoʻokomo ʻana i nā lole polyurethane piha piha i alakaʻi ʻia i ka piʻi ʻana o nā moʻolelo honua i haki ʻia, e hāpai ana i nā hopohopo e uhi ana ka ʻenehana i ka mākaukau haʻuki [6][3][4][7]. Ua pane ʻo FINA ma ke kau ʻana i nā lula koʻikoʻi e hoʻihoʻi i ke kaulike a me ka pololei i ka haʻuki.
2. Nā Mea Hana Kūlana
Ma ka ʻae ʻana i kekahi mau hoʻolālā a me nā mea waiwai wale nō, hōʻoia ʻo FINA e loaʻa i ka poʻe ʻauʻau āpau ke loaʻa i nā lako i kūpono i nā kūlana like, me ka ʻole o ka brand a i ʻole ka ʻāina [1][2][3].
3. Mālama i ka Pono o nā moʻolelo
ʻO nā moʻolelo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA e ʻike ʻia he kūpono, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i nā lole i ʻae ʻole ʻia e hōʻole ʻia a ʻike ʻole ʻia [2].
Nā Koina Koʻikoʻi no nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻae a FINA e kālele ana i ʻekolu mau wahi nui: hoʻolālā, mea waiwai, a me ke kūkulu ʻana [6][3][4][7].
A. Nā Koina Hoʻolālā
- Nā lole Kāne: ʻAʻole pono e hoʻonui ma luna o ka piko a i ʻole ma lalo o ke kuli.
- Nā Pākuʻi Wahine: ʻAʻole pono e uhi i ka ʻāʻī, e hoʻonui ma mua o nā poʻohiwi, a i ʻole ma lalo o ke kuli.
- Nā lole wai hāmama: No nā kāne a me nā wahine, ʻaʻole pono nā lole e uhi i ka ʻāʻī, e hoʻonui i ka poʻohiwi, a i ʻole ma lalo o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae.
- Pono: ʻAʻole pono ka hoʻolālā e hōʻeha i ka pono a i ʻole ka ʻono maikaʻi, a ʻaʻole pono e hōʻike i ke kino me ke kūpono ʻole [6][3][4][7].
B. Pono Mea
- Ka lole lole wale nō: ʻae ʻia nā lole lole lole wale nō. ʻAʻole pāpā ʻia nā mea textile (e like me ka polyurethane).
- Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ʻili: ʻae ʻia kekahi mau lapaʻau (e laʻa, ka pale ʻana i ka wai) inā ʻaʻole lākou e pani i ke ʻano mesh o ka textile.
- Mānoanoa: ʻAʻole pono ka mea ma mua o 0.8 mm i ka mānoanoa.
- Buoyancy: ʻAʻole pono e hāʻawi ka lole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.5 Newton o ka buoyancy.
- Permeability: Pono nā mea e ʻae i ka wai e hele ma ka liʻiliʻi o 80 mau lita ma ka mika square i kekona[3][4][7].
C. Nā Koina kūkulu
- ʻAʻohe Zippers a i ʻole nā mea hoʻopaʻa: ʻAʻole pono ke loaʻa nā zipa a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana hoʻopaʻa.
- Nā hili: ʻae wale ʻia nā hili hana; ʻAʻole pono lākou e hana i nā kiʻi a i ʻole nā hanana e hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi pōmaikaʻi.
- Hoʻokahi Rula Suit: Hoʻokahi wale nō lole ʻauʻau hiki ke komo i ka manawa (koe wale nā wahine, hiki ke komo i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua ʻāpana lole)[8][9][10].
ʻO ke kaʻina hana ʻae FINA
1. Waihona
Pono nā mea hana e hoʻouna i nā kiʻi kikoʻī kikoʻī, nā mea hoʻohālike, a me ka liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi huahana i hoʻopau ʻia no kēlā me kēia kumu hoʻohālike iā FINA (i kēia manawa World Aquatics)[11][5].
2. Hoao
Hoʻāʻo ʻia ka lole ʻauʻau no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā lula o FINA e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā, ka waiwai, ka mānoanoa, ka permeability, a me ka buoyancy. Paʻa loa ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ke keʻena.
3. Apono a me ka Lepili
Inā hala ka lole ʻauʻau i nā hoʻāʻo a pau, ua hoʻohui ʻia i ka papa inoa o nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA a hiki ke hōʻike i ka logo apono FINA, maʻamau ma ka hope o ka lole [1][10][12][2].
4. Hoolaha
Ua helu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻae ʻia ma ka pūnaewele World Aquatics, kahi e hiki ai i nā mea pāʻani a me nā luna ke hōʻoia i ko lākou kūlana[12][11].
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA
Hoʻonui i ka hana
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā lole ʻauʻau FINA e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana a ka mea ʻauʻau ma o ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka huki a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hydrodynamics. ʻO nā mea i hoʻohana pinepineʻia he māmā a hāʻawi i kahi kūpono kūpono, eʻae ai i ke kūʻokoʻa o ka neʻeʻana i loko o ka wai.
Hoʻokō i nā lula
ʻO ke komo ʻana i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā mea haʻuki i nā lula i hoʻonohonoho ʻia e FINA. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia hoʻokō no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka haʻuki a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono ma waena o nā mea haʻuki.
Ka hilinaʻi no ka poʻe haʻuki
ʻO ka ʻike ʻana e ʻaʻahu ana lākou i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e hiki ai i nā mea pāʻani ke nānā aku i kā lākou hana me ka hopohopo ʻole e pili ana i nā hōʻole ʻia ma muli o nā mea hana ʻole. Hiki i kēia hilinaʻi ke hoʻopilikia nui i ko lākou kūlana noʻonoʻo i ka wā hoʻokūkū.
He aha ke ʻano o ka FINA Approval Label?
ʻO ka hōʻailona ʻae ʻia ʻo FINA he hōʻailona liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke wehe ʻia, aia ma ke kua o ka lole ʻauʻau. Loaʻa iā ia ka logo FINA a me kahi code ʻae. Ma muli o ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o FINA ma ke ʻano he World Aquatics, ua paʻa nā lepili FINA a me World Aquatics i ka wā hoʻololi [12].
ʻO wai nā hōʻailona e hāʻawi aku i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
Hāʻawi nā ʻano lole ʻauʻau hoʻokūkū nui e like me Speedo, Arena, TYR, FINIS, Nike, Adidas, Maru, a me Jaked i nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA. I kēlā me kēia makahiki, waiho ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona hou a nānā ʻia no ka ʻae ʻia[13][14][3].
I ka manawa hea e koi ʻia ai nā lole ʻauʻau FINA?
- Nā hoʻokûkû Lahui a me ka Honua: Pono ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA i nā hoʻokûkû aupuni, nā hoʻokûkû Pelekania, a me nā hoʻokûkû pili pili FINA.
- Nā ho'āʻo hoʻopaʻa moʻolelo: ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻauʻau kahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai kahi moʻolelo e pono ai ke kapa ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA.
- Nā Hana Kūloko/Regional: ʻAʻole koi mau ʻia nā lole ʻauʻau FINA i nā hālāwai kūloko a kūloko paha ke ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia e ka mea hoʻonohonoho hanana [2].
Pehea e ʻike ai inā ʻae ʻia kāu lole ʻauʻau FINA
- E nānā i ka Lepili: E nānā i ka hōʻailona ʻae FINA a i ʻole World Aquatics ma ka lole.
- E ʻimi i ka papa inoa Official: E kipa i ka pūnaewele World Aquatics a e ʻimi i ka List of Approved Swimwear me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke code reference ma kāu lole[12][11].
- E nīnau i ka mea hana: ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hōʻailona kaulana e hōʻike maopopo ana i ka ʻae ʻana o FINA i nā wehewehe huahana.
Ka hopena o nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA ma ka hana
ʻOiai ʻaʻole hiki i ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia e FINA ke hāʻawi i nā pono kūpono ʻole, ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ʻia ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana i loko o nā lula. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona ke komo:
- Kākoʻo: Kākoʻo i nā ʻiʻo a hōʻemi i ka huki.
- ʻO ka Hydrophobic Coatings: Hoʻopau i ka wai e hōʻemi i ke kūʻē.
- Hana ʻole ʻia: Hoʻemi i ka friction a hoʻonui i ke kūpono.
- Nā Mea Māmā: E hōʻoia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai.
He Moʻolelo Pōkole: ʻO ka 2009 Swimsuit Controversy
Ma ka 2009 World Championships ma Roma, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lole polyurethane piha piha i alakaʻi ʻia i kahi helu helu ʻole o ka honua. Hāʻawi kēia mau lole i ka puʻuwai koʻikoʻi a me ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana, e hoʻāla ana i nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa e pili ana i ka pono. I ka pane ʻana, ua pāpā ʻo FINA i nā lole lole lole ʻole a hoʻolauna i ke kaʻina hana ʻae i kēia manawa, e hoʻihoʻi i ka manaʻo i ka hiki i ka haʻuki [6][3][4][7].
Pehea e noi ai no ka ʻae ʻana o FINA ma ke ʻano he mea hana
Inā he mea hana lole ʻauʻau ʻoe e ʻimi nei i ka ʻae ʻana o FINA no kāu huahana:
1. Kakau: E hana i mooolelo me World Aquatics.
2. E hoʻomākaukau i ka palapala: E hoʻouna i nā kiʻi kiʻi ʻenehana, nā mea laʻana, a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.
3. Uku Uku: Loaʻa nā uku hoʻokele a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no kēlā me kēia kumu hoʻohālike a me nā mea.
4. Ho'āʻo: Ua ho'āʻo ikaikaʻia nā huahana i nā hale hana i hōʻoiaʻiʻoʻia.
5. Apono ʻia: Ua helu ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona kūleʻa e like me ka FINA apono ʻia a hōʻike paha i ka logo[11].
Nīnau pinepine
1. He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA?
ʻO nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻae ʻia ʻo FINA he lole ʻauʻau, pāpale, a i ʻole nā maka aniani i hoʻāʻo ʻia a hōʻoia ʻia e FINA (i kēia manawa World Aquatics) e hoʻokō i nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ma ka hoʻolālā ʻana, nā mea, a me ke kūkulu ʻana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hoʻokūkū kūhelu [1][2][3][4].
2. Pehea wau e ʻike ai inā ʻae ʻia koʻu lole ʻauʻau FINA?
E nānā i kahi lepili ʻae FINA a i ʻole World Aquatics ma ka lole, a i ʻole e ʻimi i ka List of Approved Swimwear ma ka pūnaewele World Aquatics me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke code reference[12][11].
3. Hiki iaʻu ke hoʻohana i nā lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA ma kekahi hoʻokūkū?
ʻAe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lole ʻauʻau FINA i ʻae ʻia ma kēlā me kēia pae, akā koi wale ia ma nā hanana ʻāina, honua, a me nā hanana hoʻāʻo moʻolelo. ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā hui kūloko ke ʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia[2].
4. He aha ka hopena inā hoʻohana au i ka lole i ʻae ʻole ʻia ma kahi hanana FINA?
Inā hoʻohana ʻoe i kahi hoʻopiʻi ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia i kahi hanana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e FINA, hiki ke hōʻole ʻia kāu mau hopena, a ʻaʻole e ʻike ʻia nā moʻolelo i hoʻonohonoho ʻia[2][3].
5. He mau lula like ʻole no ka wai hāmama a me nā lole ʻauʻau loko?
ʻAe. ʻAʻole pono e uhi ʻia ka ʻāʻī o nā lole wai hāmama, ma mua o nā poʻohiwi, a ma lalo paha o ka kuʻekuʻe wāwae, ʻoiai ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka uhi ʻana o nā lole wai wai (ʻaʻole ma mua o nā kuli a i ʻole nā poʻohiwi no nā wahine, ʻaʻole ma luna o ka piko a ma lalo o ke kuli no nā kāne)[6][3][4][7].
Ka hopena
He aha ka lole ʻauʻau i ʻāpono ʻia e FINA? ʻO ia ke kūlana gula no nā lole ʻauʻau hoʻokūkū, i hoʻolālā ʻia a hoʻāʻo ʻia e hōʻoia i ka pololei, palekana, a me ka hana maikaʻi loa. Inā he kanaka ʻauʻau ʻoe e ʻimi ana i ka podium a i ʻole kahi brand e ʻimi nei e lawelawe i nā mea haʻuki maikaʻi loa o ka honua, pono ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana FINA no ka kūleʻa i ka loko.
Kuhikuhi:
[1] https://www.simplyswim.com/pages/racing-swimwear-advice
[2] https://www.nessswimwear.co.uk/blog/post/what-does-fina-approved-mean.html
[3] https://www.proswimwear.co.uk/blog/what-is-fina-approved-swimwear/
[4] https://sport-numericus.com/what-is-fina-approved-swimwear/
[5] https://www.simplyswim.com/blogs/blog/what-is-fina-approved-swimwear
[6] https://www.maruswim.com/fina-approved?srsltid=AfmBOopymfBE7xBHKGRo-i88Sm73KSrQgIzj6MQi6zgxcc7NTQgAbUaB
[7] https://www.maruswim.com/fina-approved?srsltid=AfmBOop2vDVDUc_w-x57kaWddePKWqc2ZWg_2NFWzGNVWhpo2-uY8uP0
[8] https://assets.sportstg.com/assets/console/document/documents/swimwearrulesapril.pdf
[9] https://ocs-sport.ams3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/scotswim-full/2022/03/FINA-Rule-Change_Swimsuits.pdf
[10] https://mastersswimming.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/swimwear_rules_2014.pdf
[11] https://www.worldaquatics.com/swimming/approved-swimwear
[12] https://resources.fina.org/fina/document/2023/09/04/b107f41a-a738-4293-bdc7-c83f6ef84935/FAQ-FINA-to-AQUA-for-Member-Federations-V1.0.1.pdf
[13] https://blog.djsports.com/2009/10/16/official-fina-2010-list-of-approved-swimsuits/
[14] https://www.tyr.com/womens/womens-competition-swimwear/womens-fina-approved
[15] https://www.maruswim.com/fina-approved?srsltid=AfmBOopwEoOE3ysalp5xJJVJ0gUwK6aVeBpUirPWkZilXyTErxdi7RFF
[16] https://approved.swimwear.fina.org
[17] https://resources.fina.org/fina/document/2025/04/24/686585ac-2838-448e-9f9c-b2fac272e135/FAQ-Swimsuit-Related-World-Aquatics-Masters-Championships-Singapooships202.pdf
[18] https://www.scribd.com/document/803673545/FAQ-FINA-to-AQUA-for-Member-Federations-V1-0-1
[19] https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/allowed-swimwear
[20] http://pvswim.org/official/rules/Revised_FINA_Suit_List_Memo_2009-06-25.pdf
[21] https://resources.fina.org/fina/document/2021/02/15/d47b9a93-a564-42b4-b4c7-e10b304544ea/post_promotion_guidelines_fina_world_aquatics_day.pdf
[22] https://resources.fina.org/fina/document/2021/02/23/7d18d53c-cf57-47f2-adc9-4649c1926044/frsa.pdf
